Table 1 Total number of doctorates awarded from 1973 to 2016, along with calculated percentages of race, ethnicity and gender for the most recent year in the dataset

	Earth		Ocean		Atmospheric		All geosciences		2016 comparative percentages
R&E	Cumulative number	Per cent in 2016	Cumulative number	Per cent in 2016	Cumulative number	Per cent in 2016	Cumulative number	Per cent in 2016	All S&E PhDs ^c	US population ^d
White	12,279	86	4,435	87	2,856	75	19,570	85	73	61
Asian	622	5	237	6	324	11	1,183	6	10	6
Hispanic or Latino	335	4	198	4	95	9	628	5	7	18
Black	115	1	58	0	59	4	232	1	6	12
Native American	52	1	15	0	7	1	74	1	<1	1
Other or unknown	523	<1	145	<1	95	0	763	<1	1	<1
Two or more races^a	92	3	50	3	22	1	164	3	3	2
Total	14,018	100	5,138	100	3,458	100	22,614	100	100	100
Per cent URM^b		6		4		13		6	13	31
Gender	Per cent over all years	Per cent in 2016	Per cent over all years	Per cent in 2016	Per cent over all years	Per cent in 2016	Per cent over all years	Per cent in 2016	All S&E PhDs ^c	US population ^d
Per cent male (all R&Es)	74	56	65	50	78	62	73	55	53	49
Per cent female (all R&Es)	26	44	35	50	22	38	27	45	47	51

^aOnly recorded since 2001. ^bURM totals only include Hispanic or Latino, Black and Native American individuals. ^cSource: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics⁴. ^dSource: Kaiser Family Foundation⁶. R&E, race and ethnicity; S&E, science and engineering; URM, underrepresented minority.

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