Abstract
The use of antiretroviral therapy has significantly reduced the number of deaths due to HIV/AIDS. However, no current therapy can suppress the virus completely, and as the HIV-infected population continues to live longer new complications are emerging from the persistence of the virus and use of antiretroviral therapy. This review summarizes the clinical evidence linking HIV-associated osteoporosis to direct infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) use. The purported molecular mechanisms involved in bone loss are also reviewed. Additionally, recommendations regarding the pharmacologic management of HIV/ART-related osteoporosis are given.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Anti-Retroviral Agents / adverse effects
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Anti-Retroviral Agents / therapeutic use
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Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active
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Bone Density / physiology
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Bone Resorption / physiopathology*
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Comorbidity
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Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / physiology
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HIV Infections / epidemiology
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HIV Infections / physiopathology*
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Humans
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Osteoblasts / physiology
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Osteoclasts / physiology
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Osteoporosis / epidemiology
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Osteoporosis / microbiology
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Osteoporosis / physiopathology*
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Osteoporotic Fractures / epidemiology
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Osteoporotic Fractures / physiopathology
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RANK Ligand / physiology
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Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
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Signal Transduction / physiology
Substances
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Anti-Retroviral Agents
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Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit
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RANK Ligand
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RUNX2 protein, human
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Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
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TNFSF11 protein, human