linux-mm.kvack.org archive mirror
 help / color / mirror / Atom feed
From: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
To: akpm@linux-foundation.org, alex@ghiti.fr, aou@eecs.berkeley.edu,
	ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org, arnd@arndb.de,
	aryabinin@virtuozzo.com, benh@kernel.crashing.org,
	borntraeger@de.ibm.com, bp@alien8.de, cai@lca.pw,
	catalin.marinas@arm.com, dave.hansen@linux.intel.com,
	dave.jiang@intel.com, davem@davemloft.net, dvyukov@google.com,
	glider@google.com, gor@linux.ibm.com, heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com,
	hpa@zytor.com, james.morse@arm.com, jhogan@kernel.org,
	kan.liang@linux.intel.com, linux-mm@kvack.org,
	linux@armlinux.org.uk, luto@kernel.org, mark.rutland@arm.com,
	mawilcox@microsoft.com, mingo@elte.hu,
	mm-commits@vger.kernel.org, mpe@ellerman.id.au,
	n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com, palmer@sifive.com,
	paul.burton@mips.com, paul.walmsley@sifive.com, paulus@samba.org,
	peterz@infradead.org, ralf@linux-mips.org,
	shashim@codeaurora.org, steven.price@arm.com, tglx@linutronix.de,
	torvalds@linux-foundation.org, vgupta@synopsys.com,
	will@kernel.org, zong.li@sifive.com
Subject: Re: [patch 064/158] mm: add generic ptdump
Date: Tue, 3 Dec 2019 12:00:47 +0100	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <b7ce62f2-9a48-6e48-6685-003431e521aa@redhat.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <6d6b02db-525c-1729-c5cf-25bda83763c7@redhat.com>

On 03.12.19 11:47, David Hildenbrand wrote:
> On 01.12.19 02:53, akpm@linux-foundation.org wrote:
>> From: Steven Price <steven.price@arm.com>
>> Subject: mm: add generic ptdump
>>
>> Add a generic version of page table dumping that architectures can opt-in
>> to
>>
>> [steven.price@arm.com: v15]
>>   Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191101140942.51554-20-steven.price@arm.com
>> [cai@lca.pw: fix a -Wold-style-declaration warning]
>>   Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1572895385-29194-1-git-send-email-cai@lca.pw
>> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191028135910.33253-20-steven.price@arm.com
>> Signed-off-by: Steven Price <steven.price@arm.com>
>> Signed-off-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw>
>> Cc: Albert Ou <aou@eecs.berkeley.edu>
>> Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
>> Cc: Alexandre Ghiti <alex@ghiti.fr>
>> Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
>> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
>> Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
>> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
>> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
>> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
>> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
>> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
>> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
>> Cc: Dave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com>
>> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
>> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
>> Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
>> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
>> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
>> Cc: James Hogan <jhogan@kernel.org>
>> Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
>> Cc: "Liang, Kan" <kan.liang@linux.intel.com>
>> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
>> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
>> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
>> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
>> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@sifive.com>
>> Cc: Paul Burton <paul.burton@mips.com>
>> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
>> Cc: Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley@sifive.com>
>> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
>> Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
>> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
>> Cc: Shiraz Hashim <shashim@codeaurora.org>
>> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
>> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
>> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
>> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
>> Cc: Zong Li <zong.li@sifive.com>
>> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
>> ---
>>
>>  include/linux/ptdump.h |   21 +++++
>>  mm/Kconfig.debug       |   21 +++++
>>  mm/Makefile            |    1 
>>  mm/ptdump.c            |  151 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>>  4 files changed, 194 insertions(+)
>>
>> --- /dev/null
>> +++ a/include/linux/ptdump.h
>> @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
>> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
>> +
>> +#ifndef _LINUX_PTDUMP_H
>> +#define _LINUX_PTDUMP_H
>> +
>> +#include <linux/mm_types.h>
>> +
>> +struct ptdump_range {
>> +	unsigned long start;
>> +	unsigned long end;
>> +};
>> +
>> +struct ptdump_state {
>> +	void (*note_page)(struct ptdump_state *st, unsigned long addr,
>> +			  int level, unsigned long val);
>> +	const struct ptdump_range *range;
>> +};
>> +
>> +void ptdump_walk_pgd(struct ptdump_state *st, struct mm_struct *mm);
>> +
>> +#endif /* _LINUX_PTDUMP_H */
>> --- a/mm/Kconfig.debug~mm-add-generic-ptdump
>> +++ a/mm/Kconfig.debug
>> @@ -117,3 +117,24 @@ config DEBUG_RODATA_TEST
>>      depends on STRICT_KERNEL_RWX
>>      ---help---
>>        This option enables a testcase for the setting rodata read-only.
>> +
>> +config GENERIC_PTDUMP
>> +	bool
>> +
>> +config PTDUMP_CORE
>> +	bool
>> +
>> +config PTDUMP_DEBUGFS
>> +	bool "Export kernel pagetable layout to userspace via debugfs"
>> +	depends on DEBUG_KERNEL
>> +	depends on DEBUG_FS
>> +	depends on GENERIC_PTDUMP
>> +	select PTDUMP_CORE
>> +	help
>> +	  Say Y here if you want to show the kernel pagetable layout in a
>> +	  debugfs file. This information is only useful for kernel developers
>> +	  who are working in architecture specific areas of the kernel.
>> +	  It is probably not a good idea to enable this feature in a production
>> +	  kernel.
>> +
>> +	  If in doubt, say N.
>> --- a/mm/Makefile~mm-add-generic-ptdump
>> +++ a/mm/Makefile
>> @@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_CMA)	+= cma.o
>>  obj-$(CONFIG_MEMORY_BALLOON) += balloon_compaction.o
>>  obj-$(CONFIG_PAGE_EXTENSION) += page_ext.o
>>  obj-$(CONFIG_CMA_DEBUGFS) += cma_debug.o
>> +obj-$(CONFIG_PTDUMP_CORE) += ptdump.o
>>  obj-$(CONFIG_USERFAULTFD) += userfaultfd.o
>>  obj-$(CONFIG_IDLE_PAGE_TRACKING) += page_idle.o
>>  obj-$(CONFIG_FRAME_VECTOR) += frame_vector.o
>> --- /dev/null
>> +++ a/mm/ptdump.c
>> @@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
>> +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
>> +
>> +#include <linux/pagewalk.h>
>> +#include <linux/ptdump.h>
>> +#include <linux/kasan.h>
>> +
>> +static int ptdump_pgd_entry(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr,
>> +			    unsigned long next, struct mm_walk *walk)
>> +{
>> +	struct ptdump_state *st = walk->private;
>> +	pgd_t val = READ_ONCE(*pgd);
>> +
>> +	if (pgd_leaf(val))
>> +		st->note_page(st, addr, 1, pgd_val(val));
>> +
>> +	return 0;
>> +}
>> +
>> +static int ptdump_p4d_entry(p4d_t *p4d, unsigned long addr,
>> +			    unsigned long next, struct mm_walk *walk)
>> +{
>> +	struct ptdump_state *st = walk->private;
>> +	p4d_t val = READ_ONCE(*p4d);
>> +
>> +	if (p4d_leaf(val))
>> +		st->note_page(st, addr, 2, p4d_val(val));
>> +
>> +	return 0;
>> +}
>> +
>> +static int ptdump_pud_entry(pud_t *pud, unsigned long addr,
>> +			    unsigned long next, struct mm_walk *walk)
>> +{
>> +	struct ptdump_state *st = walk->private;
>> +	pud_t val = READ_ONCE(*pud);
>> +
>> +	if (pud_leaf(val))
>> +		st->note_page(st, addr, 3, pud_val(val));
>> +
>> +	return 0;
>> +}
>> +
>> +static int ptdump_pmd_entry(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr,
>> +			    unsigned long next, struct mm_walk *walk)
>> +{
>> +	struct ptdump_state *st = walk->private;
>> +	pmd_t val = READ_ONCE(*pmd);
>> +
>> +	if (pmd_leaf(val))
>> +		st->note_page(st, addr, 4, pmd_val(val));
>> +
>> +	return 0;
>> +}
>> +
>> +static int ptdump_pte_entry(pte_t *pte, unsigned long addr,
>> +			    unsigned long next, struct mm_walk *walk)
>> +{
>> +	struct ptdump_state *st = walk->private;
>> +
>> +	st->note_page(st, addr, 5, pte_val(READ_ONCE(*pte)));
>> +
>> +	return 0;
>> +}
>> +
>> +#ifdef CONFIG_KASAN
>> +/*
>> + * This is an optimization for KASAN=y case. Since all kasan page tables
>> + * eventually point to the kasan_early_shadow_page we could call note_page()
>> + * right away without walking through lower level page tables. This saves
>> + * us dozens of seconds (minutes for 5-level config) while checking for
>> + * W+X mapping or reading kernel_page_tables debugfs file.
>> + */
>> +static inline int note_kasan_page_table(struct mm_walk *walk,
>> +					unsigned long addr)
>> +{
>> +	struct ptdump_state *st = walk->private;
>> +
>> +	st->note_page(st, addr, 5, pte_val(kasan_early_shadow_pte[0]));
>> +	return 1;
>> +}
>> +
>> +static int ptdump_test_p4d(unsigned long addr, unsigned long next,
>> +			   p4d_t *p4d, struct mm_walk *walk)
>> +{
>> +#if CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS > 4
>> +	if (p4d == lm_alias(kasan_early_shadow_p4d))
>> +		return note_kasan_page_table(walk, addr);
>> +#endif
>> +	return 0;
>> +}
>> +
>> +static int ptdump_test_pud(unsigned long addr, unsigned long next,
>> +			   pud_t *pud, struct mm_walk *walk)
>> +{
>> +#if CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS > 3
>> +	if (pud == lm_alias(kasan_early_shadow_pud))
>> +		return note_kasan_page_table(walk, addr);
>> +#endif
>> +	return 0;
>> +}
>> +
>> +static int ptdump_test_pmd(unsigned long addr, unsigned long next,
>> +			   pmd_t *pmd, struct mm_walk *walk)
>> +{
>> +#if CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS > 2
>> +	if (pmd == lm_alias(kasan_early_shadow_pmd))
>> +		return note_kasan_page_table(walk, addr);
>> +#endif
>> +	return 0;
>> +}
>> +#endif /* CONFIG_KASAN */
>> +
>> +static int ptdump_hole(unsigned long addr, unsigned long next,
>> +		       int depth, struct mm_walk *walk)
>> +{
>> +	struct ptdump_state *st = walk->private;
>> +
>> +	st->note_page(st, addr, depth + 1, 0);
>> +
>> +	return 0;
>> +}
>> +
>> +static const struct mm_walk_ops ptdump_ops = {
>> +	.pgd_entry	= ptdump_pgd_entry,
>> +	.p4d_entry	= ptdump_p4d_entry,
>> +	.pud_entry	= ptdump_pud_entry,
>> +	.pmd_entry	= ptdump_pmd_entry,
>> +	.pte_entry	= ptdump_pte_entry,
>> +#ifdef CONFIG_KASAN
>> +	.test_p4d	= ptdump_test_p4d,
>> +	.test_pud	= ptdump_test_pud,
>> +	.test_pmd	= ptdump_test_pmd,
>> +#endif
>> +	.pte_hole	= ptdump_hole,
>> +};
>> +
>> +void ptdump_walk_pgd(struct ptdump_state *st, struct mm_struct *mm)
>> +{
>> +	const struct ptdump_range *range = st->range;
>> +
>> +	down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
>> +	while (range->start != range->end) {
>> +		walk_page_range_novma(mm, range->start, range->end,
>> +				      &ptdump_ops, st);
>> +		range++;
>> +	}
>> +	up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
>> +
>> +	/* Flush out the last page */
>> +	st->note_page(st, 0, 0, 0);
>> +}
>> _
>>
> 
> On linux-next, booting a simple QEMU x86-64 guest (since I updated from
> pre-v5.4 base), I get:
> 
> [    1.231285] BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000018
> [    1.231897] #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode
> [    1.232354] #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page
> [    1.232803] PGD 0 P4D 0 
> [    1.233033] Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI
> [    1.233359] CPU: 3 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 5.4.0-next-20191203+ #29
> [    1.233998] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.12.0-59-gc9ba5276e321-prebuilt.qemu4
> [    1.235015] RIP: 0010:__lock_acquire+0x778/0x1940
> [    1.235428] Code: 00 45 31 ff 48 8b 44 24 48 65 48 33 04 25 28 00 00 00 0f 85 fd 0d 00 00 48 83 c4 50 44 89 f8 5b7
> [    1.237051] RSP: 0018:ffffbc6100637c48 EFLAGS: 00010002
> [    1.237512] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000001 RCX: 0000000000000000
> [    1.238147] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 0000000000000018
> [    1.238765] RBP: ffff92dd7db54d80 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: 0000000000000000
> [    1.239395] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000000000000000
> [    1.240012] R13: 0000000000000001 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000000000000000
> [    1.240626] FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff92dd7dd00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
> [    1.241316] CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
> [    1.241808] CR2: 0000000000000018 CR3: 00000000a8610000 CR4: 00000000000006e0
> [    1.242407] Call Trace:
> [    1.242626]  ? check_usage_backwards+0x99/0x140
> [    1.243023]  ? stack_trace_save+0x4b/0x70
> [    1.243385]  lock_acquire+0xa2/0x1b0
> [    1.243707]  ? __walk_page_range+0x6e5/0xa00
> [    1.244104]  _raw_spin_lock+0x2c/0x40
> [    1.244431]  ? __walk_page_range+0x6e5/0xa00
> [    1.244817]  __walk_page_range+0x6e5/0xa00
> [    1.245184]  walk_page_range_novma+0x69/0xb0
> [    1.245562]  ptdump_walk_pgd+0x46/0x80
> [    1.245904]  ptdump_walk_pgd_level_core+0xb7/0xe0
> [    1.246318]  ? ptdump_walk_pgd_level_core+0xe0/0xe0
> [    1.246748]  ? rest_init+0x23a/0x23a
> [    1.247076]  ? rest_init+0x23a/0x23a
> [    1.247392]  kernel_init+0x2c/0x106
> [    1.247700]  ret_from_fork+0x27/0x50
> [    1.248025] Modules linked in:
> [    1.248298] CR2: 0000000000000018
> [    1.248594] ---[ end trace d9ad45dca0b4f3a3 ]---
> [    1.249020] RIP: 0010:__lock_acquire+0x778/0x1940
> [    1.249432] Code: 00 45 31 ff 48 8b 44 24 48 65 48 33 04 25 28 00 00 00 0f 85 fd 0d 00 00 48 83 c4 50 44 89 f8 5b7
> [    1.251059] RSP: 0018:ffffbc6100637c48 EFLAGS: 00010002
> [    1.251514] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000001 RCX: 0000000000000000
> [    1.252153] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 0000000000000018
> [    1.252773] RBP: ffff92dd7db54d80 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: 0000000000000000
> [    1.253396] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000000000000000
> [    1.254026] R13: 0000000000000001 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000000000000000
> [    1.254648] FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff92dd7dd00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
> [    1.255360] CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
> [    1.255867] CR2: 0000000000000018 CR3: 00000000a8610000 CR4: 00000000000006e0
> [    1.256491] BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at include/linux/percpu-rwsem.h:38
> [    1.257268] in_atomic(): 1, irqs_disabled(): 1, non_block: 0, pid: 1, name: swapper/0
> [    1.257952] INFO: lockdep is turned off.
> [    1.258299] irq event stamp: 1570043
> [    1.258617] hardirqs last  enabled at (1570043): [<ffffffff9716dd2c>] console_unlock+0x45c/0x5c0
> [    1.259386] hardirqs last disabled at (1570042): [<ffffffff9716d964>] console_unlock+0x94/0x5c0
> [    1.260153] softirqs last  enabled at (1570040): [<ffffffff97e0035d>] __do_softirq+0x35d/0x45d
> [    1.260898] softirqs last disabled at (1570033): [<ffffffff970efe54>] irq_exit+0xf4/0x100
> [    1.261615] CPU: 3 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Tainted: G      D           5.4.0-next-20191203+ #29
> [    1.262370] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.12.0-59-gc9ba5276e321-prebuilt.qemu4
> [    1.263372] Call Trace:
> [    1.263595]  dump_stack+0x8f/0xd0
> [    1.263895]  ___might_sleep.cold+0xb3/0xc3
> [    1.264246]  exit_signals+0x30/0x2d0
> [    1.264552]  do_exit+0xb4/0xc40
> [    1.264832]  rewind_stack_do_exit+0x17/0x20
> [    1.265198] note: swapper/0[1] exited with preempt_count 1
> [    1.265700] Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! exitcode=0x00000009
> [    1.266443] Kernel Offset: 0x16000000 from 0xffffffff81000000 (relocation range: 0xffffffff80000000-0xffffffffbff)
> [    1.267394] ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! exitcode=0x00000009 ]---
> 
> Related to this?
> 

I just made sure that I am actually on the latest linux-next. I do have

commit d3634da666853cdff2258a49dd3ce3607c0fd6c5
Author: Steven Price <steven.price@arm.com>
Date:   Tue Nov 19 11:47:24 2019 +1100

    mm-pagewalk-allow-walking-without-vma-fix

    fix boot crash

    Reported-by: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw>
    Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
    Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
    Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>


Problem persists. I do have a bunch of debug options enabled in my
config and can share if required.


-- 
Thanks,

David / dhildenb



      reply	other threads:[~2019-12-03 11:01 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 10+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2019-12-01  1:53 [patch 064/158] mm: add generic ptdump akpm
2019-12-01  9:07 ` Borislav Petkov
2019-12-01 14:45   ` Linus Torvalds
2019-12-01 15:10     ` Borislav Petkov
2019-12-01 15:21       ` Borislav Petkov
2019-12-01 15:45         ` Borislav Petkov
2019-12-02  9:09           ` Steven Price
2019-12-02 15:42             ` Borislav Petkov
2019-12-03 10:47 ` David Hildenbrand
2019-12-03 11:00   ` David Hildenbrand [this message]

Reply instructions:

You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:

* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
  and reply-to-all from there: mbox

  Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style

* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
  switches of git-send-email(1):

  git send-email \
    --in-reply-to=b7ce62f2-9a48-6e48-6685-003431e521aa@redhat.com \
    --to=david@redhat.com \
    --cc=akpm@linux-foundation.org \
    --cc=alex@ghiti.fr \
    --cc=aou@eecs.berkeley.edu \
    --cc=ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org \
    --cc=arnd@arndb.de \
    --cc=aryabinin@virtuozzo.com \
    --cc=benh@kernel.crashing.org \
    --cc=borntraeger@de.ibm.com \
    --cc=bp@alien8.de \
    --cc=cai@lca.pw \
    --cc=catalin.marinas@arm.com \
    --cc=dave.hansen@linux.intel.com \
    --cc=dave.jiang@intel.com \
    --cc=davem@davemloft.net \
    --cc=dvyukov@google.com \
    --cc=glider@google.com \
    --cc=gor@linux.ibm.com \
    --cc=heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com \
    --cc=hpa@zytor.com \
    --cc=james.morse@arm.com \
    --cc=jhogan@kernel.org \
    --cc=kan.liang@linux.intel.com \
    --cc=linux-mm@kvack.org \
    --cc=linux@armlinux.org.uk \
    --cc=luto@kernel.org \
    --cc=mark.rutland@arm.com \
    --cc=mawilcox@microsoft.com \
    --cc=mingo@elte.hu \
    --cc=mm-commits@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=mpe@ellerman.id.au \
    --cc=n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com \
    --cc=palmer@sifive.com \
    --cc=paul.burton@mips.com \
    --cc=paul.walmsley@sifive.com \
    --cc=paulus@samba.org \
    --cc=peterz@infradead.org \
    --cc=ralf@linux-mips.org \
    --cc=shashim@codeaurora.org \
    --cc=steven.price@arm.com \
    --cc=tglx@linutronix.de \
    --cc=torvalds@linux-foundation.org \
    --cc=vgupta@synopsys.com \
    --cc=will@kernel.org \
    --cc=zong.li@sifive.com \
    /path/to/YOUR_REPLY

  https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html

* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
  via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line before the message body.
This is a public inbox, see mirroring instructions
for how to clone and mirror all data and code used for this inbox;
as well as URLs for NNTP newsgroup(s).