A review of methods and data to determine raw material criticality
Under a Creative Commons license
open access
Abbreviations
BGS
British Geological Survey
BRGM
Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières
CRM
Critical Raw Materials
EC
European Commission
Empa
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
EIT
European Institute of Innovation & Technology
EU
European Union
GE
General Electric
HDI
Human Development Index
HHI
Herfindahl-Hirschman-Index
iCIRCE
Instituto Universitario Investigación CIRCE Universidad Zaragoza
INSEAD
Institut Européen d'Administration des Affaires
IRTC
International Round Table on Materials Criticality
ISO
International Organization for Standardization
KIRAM/KITECH
Korea Institute for Rare Metals/Korea Institute of Industrial Technology
LCA
Life Cycle Assessment
NEDO
New Energy and Industrial Technology Development
NIES
National Institute for Environmental Studies
NRC
National Research Council
NSTC
National Science and Technology Council
OECD
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OH
Oakdene Hollins
PGM(s)
Platinum Group Metal(s)
PPI
Policy Perception Index
REE(s)
Rare Earth Element(s)
SDU
University of Southern Denmark
SI
Supplementary Information
UBA
Umweltbundesamt
UNDP
United Nations Development Programme
UNEP IRP
United Nations Environment Programme International Resource Panel
US DOE
United States Department of Energy
USGS
United States Geological Survey
VDI
Verein Deutscher Ingenieure
WGI
Worldwide Governance Indicators
Keywords
Critical raw materials
Material criticality
Critical resources
Strategic raw materials
Criticality assessment
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© 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.