New York State Senate elections, 2022
| 2022 New York Senate Elections | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Primary | August 23, 2022 |
| General | November 8, 2022 |
| Past Election Results |
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Elections for the New York State Senate took place in 2022. The general election was on November 8, 2022. A primary was scheduled for August 23, 2022. The filing deadline was June 10, 2022.
The New York State Senate was one of 88 state legislative chambers holding elections in 2022. There are 99 chambers throughout the country.
Party control
| New York State Senate | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 8, 2022 | After November 9, 2022 | |
| Democratic Party | 42 | 42 | |
| Republican Party | 20 | 21 | |
| Vacancy | 1 | 0 | |
| Total | 63 | 63 | |
Candidates
General
New York State Senate General Election 2022 |
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| Office |  Democratic |
 Republican |
Other |
| District 1 |
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| District 2 |
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| District 3 |
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| District 4 |
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| District 5 |
John E. Brooks (i) |
John E. Brooks (i) (Democratic Party, Working Families Party) |
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| District 6 |
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| District 7 |
Anna Kaplan (i) |
Anna Kaplan (i) (Democratic Party, Working Families Party) |
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| District 8 |
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| District 9 |
Kenneth Moore (Democratic Party, Working Families Party) |
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| District 10 |
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| District 11 |
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| District 12 |
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| District 13 |
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| District 17 |
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| District 18 |
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| District 19 |
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| District 20 |
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| District 21 |
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David Alexis (Working Families Party) |
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| District 22 |
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| District 23 |
Joseph Tirone (Republican Party, Conservative Party) Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 24 |
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| District 25 |
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| District 26 |
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| District 27 |
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Eric Rassi (Medical Freedom Party) |
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| District 28 |
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| District 29 |
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| District 30 |
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| District 31 |
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| District 32 |
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Dion Powell (Conservative Party) |
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| District 33 |
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| District 34 |
Samantha Zherka (Republican Party, Conservative Party) |
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| District 35 |
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| District 36 |
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| District 37 |
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| District 38 |
Elijah Reichlin-Melnick (i) (Democratic Party, Working Families Party) |
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| District 39 |
Julie Shiroishi (Democratic Party, Working Families Party) |
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| District 40 |
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| District 41 |
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Susan Serino (i) |
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| District 42 |
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| District 43 |
Andrea Smyth (Democratic Party, Working Families Party) |
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| District 44 |
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| District 45 |
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| District 46 |
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| District 47 |
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| District 48 |
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| District 49 |
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| District 50 |
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| District 51 |
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| District 52 |
Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 53 |
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| District 54 |
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| District 55 |
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| District 56 |
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| District 57 |
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| District 58 |
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| District 59 |
Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 60 |
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| District 61 |
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Edward Rath III (i) |
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| District 62 |
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| District 63 |
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Primary
New York State Senate Primary 2022 |
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| Office | Democratic |
Republican |
Other |
| District 1 |
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Conservative Party  Anthony Palumbo* (i) Working Families Party Skyler Johnson* |
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| District 2 |
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Conservative Party Mario Mattera* (i) Working Families Party Susan Berland*  |
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| District 3 |
Conservative Party Dean Murray* |
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| District 4 |
Conservative Party Wendy Rodriguez* Working Families Party Monica Martinez* |
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| District 5 |
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Conservative Party Steven Rhoads* Working Families Party John E. Brooks* (i) |
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| District 6 |
Did not make the ballot: |
Conservative Party James Coll* Working Families Party Kevin Thomas* (i) |
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| District 7 |
Conservative Party Jack Martins* Working Families Party Anna Kaplan* (i) |
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| District 8 |
Did not make the ballot: |
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Conservative Party Alexis Weik* (i) |
| District 9 |
Conservative Party Patricia Canzoneri-Fitzpatrick* Working Families Party Kenneth Moore* |
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| District 10 |
Did not make the ballot: |
The Republican primary was canceled. Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 11 |
Did not make the ballot: |
Did not make the ballot: |
Conservative Party Stefano Forte* Working Families Party Toby Ann Stavisky* (i) |
| District 12 |
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The Republican primary was canceled. |
Conservative Party This primary was canceled. Working Families Party Michael Gianaris* (i) Did not make the ballot: |
| District 13 |
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The Republican primary was canceled. |
Working Families Party Jessica Ramos* (i) |
| District 14 |
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The Republican primary was canceled. |
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| District 15 |
Conservative Party Danniel Maio* |
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| District 16 |
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Conservative Party Ruben Cruz II* Working Families Party John Liu* (i) |
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| District 17 |
Did not make the ballot: |
Conservative Party Vito LaBella* Working Families Party Iwen Chu* |
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| District 18 |
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The Republican primary was canceled. |
Working Families Party Julia Salazar* (i) |
| District 19 |
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The Republican primary was canceled. |
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| District 20 |
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The Republican primary was canceled. |
Working Families Party Zellnor Myrie* (i) |
| District 21 |
The Republican primary was canceled. |
Working Families Party David Alexis* |
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| District 22 |
Did not make the ballot: |
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Conservative Party Simcha Felder* (i) Working Families Party Marva Brown* |
| District 23 |
Sarah Blas |
Conservative Party Sergey Fedorov* Working Families Party Sarah Blas* |
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| District 24 |
The Democratic primary was canceled. |
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Conservative Party Andrew Lanza* (i) |
| District 25 |
Did not make the ballot: |
The Republican primary was canceled. |
Working Families Party Jabari Brisport* (i) |
| District 26 |
Did not make the ballot: |
Did not make the ballot: |
Conservative Party Brian Fox* Working Families Party Andrew Gounardes* (i) |
| District 27 |
The Republican primary was canceled. |
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| District 28 |
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Working Families Party Liz Krueger* (i) |
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| District 29 |
Did not make the ballot: |
The Republican primary was canceled. |
Working Families Party Jose M. Serrano* (i) |
| District 30 |
The Republican primary was canceled. |
Working Families Party Cordell Cleare* (i) |
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| District 31 |
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Conservative Party This primary was canceled. Working Families Party Robert Jackson* (i) Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 32 |
Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 33 |
The Republican primary was canceled. |
Working Families Party J. Gustavo Rivera* (i) |
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| District 34 |
Christian Amato Did not make the ballot: |
Did not make the ballot: |
Conservative Party Samantha Zherka* |
| District 35 |
Working Families Party Andrea Stewart-Cousins* (i) |
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| District 36 |
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The Republican primary was canceled. Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 37 |
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Working Families Party Shelley Mayer* (i) |
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| District 38 |
Conservative Party William Weber Jr.* Working Families Party Elijah Reichlin-Melnick* (i) |
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| District 39 |
Did not make the ballot: |
Working Families Party Julie Shiroishi* Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 40 |
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Working Families Party Peter Harckham* (i) |
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| District 41 |
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Did not make the ballot: |
Conservative Party Susan Serino* (i) Working Families Party Michelle Hinchey* (i) |
| District 42 |
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Conservative Party Dorey Houle* Working Families Party James Skoufis* (i) |
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| District 43 |
Did not make the ballot: |
Conservative Party Jacob Ashby* Working Families Party Andrea Smyth* |
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| District 44 |
Did not make the ballot: |
Daphne Jordan (i) (unofficially withdrew) |
Conservative Party Daphne Jordan (i) (unofficially withdrew) Working Families Party Michelle Ostrelich* Did not make the ballot: |
| District 45 |
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Conservative Party Dan Stec* (i) |
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| District 46 |
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Conservative Party Richard Amedure* Working Families Party Neil Breslin* (i) |
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| District 47 |
The Republican primary was canceled. |
Working Families Party Brad Hoylman* (i) |
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| District 48 |
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Conservative Party Julie AbbottWorking Families Party Rachel May* (i) |
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| District 49 |
The Democratic primary was canceled. |
Conservative Party Mark Walczyk* |
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| District 50 |
Did not make the ballot: |
Did not make the ballot: |
Conservative Party Rebecca Shiroff* Working Families Party John Mannion* (i) |
| District 51 |
Conservative Party Peter Oberacker* (i) |
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| District 52 |
Conservative Party Richard David* Working Families Party Lea Webb* |
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| District 53 |
The Democratic primary was canceled. |
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Conservative Party Joseph Griffo* (i) |
| District 54 |
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Conservative Party Pamela Helming* (i) |
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| District 55 |
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Did not make the ballot: |
Conservative Party Len Morrell* Working Families Party Samra Brouk* (i) |
| District 56 |
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Conservative Party Jim VanBrederode* Working Families Party Jeremy Cooney* (i) |
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| District 57 |
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Conservative Party George Borrello* (i) |
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| District 58 |
The Democratic primary was canceled. |
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Conservative Party Thomas O'Mara* (i) |
| District 59 |
Michael Corbett |
The Republican primary was canceled. |
Working Families Party Kristen Gonzalez* |
| District 60 |
The Democratic primary was canceled. |
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Conservative Party Patrick Gallivan* (i) |
| District 61 |
Did not make the ballot: |
Did not make the ballot: |
Conservative Party Edward Rath III* (i) Working Families Party Sean Ryan* (i) Did not make the ballot: |
| District 62 |
The Democratic primary was canceled. |
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Conservative Party Robert Ortt* (i) |
| District 63 |
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The Republican primary was canceled. |
Conservative Party Faye Pietrak* Working Families Party Timothy M. Kennedy* (i) |
Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey responses
Ballotpedia asks all federal, state, and local candidates to complete a survey and share what motivates them on political and personal levels. Click a link below to read survey responses from candidates in that district:
- District 1
- District 2
- District 3
- District 4
- District 5
- District 6
- District 7
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- District 10
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- District 21
- District 22
- District 23
- District 24
- District 25
- District 26
- District 27
- District 28
- District 29
- District 30
- District 31
- District 32
- District 33
- District 34
- District 35
- District 36
- District 37
- District 38
- District 39
- District 40
- District 41
- District 42
- District 43
- District 44
- District 45
- District 46
- District 47
- District 48
- District 49
- District 50
- District 51
- District 52
- District 53
- District 54
- District 55
- District 56
- District 57
- District 58
- District 59
- District 60
- District 61
- District 62
- District 63
Incumbents who were not re-elected
Incumbents defeated in general elections
Five incumbents lost in the Nov. 8 general election.
Incumbents defeated in primary elections
One incumbent lost in the Aug. 23 primaries.
| Name | Party | Office |
|---|---|---|
| Daphne Jordan |  Republican |
Senate District 44 |
Retiring incumbents
Eight incumbents were not on the ballot in 2022.[1] Those incumbents were:
| Name | Party | Office | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
| Philip Boyle | Republican |
Senate District 4 | Retired |
| James Gaughran |  Democratic |
Senate District 5 | Retired |
| Todd Kaminsky | Democratic |
Senate District 9 | Retired |
| Diane Savino | Democratic |
Senate District 23 | Retired |
| Alessandra Biaggi | Democratic |
Senate District 34 | Other office |
| Mike Martucci | Republican |
Senate District 42 | Retired |
| Patricia Ritchie | Republican |
Senate District 48 | Retired |
| Fred Akshar | Republican |
Senate District 52 | Other office |
Primary election competitiveness
This section contains data on state legislative primary election competitiveness in New York. These totals include data from all regularly-scheduled House and Senate elections. For more information about Ballotpedia's competitiveness analysis of state legislative elections, please click here.
| New York state legislative competitiveness, 2014-2022 | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Office | Districts/ offices |
Seats | Open seats | Candidates | Possible primaries | Contested Democratic primaries | Contested Republican primaries | % of contested primaries | Incumbents in contested primaries | % of incumbents in contested primaries | ||||
| 2022 | 213 | 213 | 25 | 447 | 426 | 53 | 10 | 14.8% | 46 | 24.1% | ||||
| 2020 | 213 | 213 | 33 | 448 | 426 | 53 | 6 | 13.8% | 35 | 19.4% | ||||
| 2018 | 213 | 213 | 18 | 405 | 426 | 39 | 9 | 11.3% | 31 | 15.9% | ||||
| 2016 | 213 | 213 | 20 | 410 | 426 | 41 | 12 | 12.4% | 34 | 17.6% | ||||
| 2014 | 213 | 213 | 19 | 411 | 426 | 39 | 9 | 11.3% | 30 | 15.5% | ||||
Post-filing deadline analysis
The following analysis covers all state legislative districts up for election in New York in 2022. Information below was calculated on June 22, 2022, and may differ from information shown in the table above due to candidate replacements and withdrawals after that time.
Fifty-one of the 191 New York state legislators who filed to run for re-election in 2022—46 Democrats and five Republicans—faced contested primaries. That equals 27% of incumbents who filed for re-election, an increase from previous election cycles. The remaining 73% of incumbents did not face primary challengers.
A contested primary is one where more candidates run than nominations available, meaning at least one candidate must lose.
The total number of contested primaries—including those without incumbents—also increased compared to recent election cycles. With 213 districts, there were 426 possible primaries every election cycle.
In 2022, there were 75 contested primaries (18%): 60 Democratic primaries and 15 for Republicans. For Democrats, this was up from 53 in 2020, a 13% increase. For Republicans, the number increased 150% to 15 compared to six contested primaries in 2020.
New York allows fusion voting, where more than one political party can support a common candidate. It is common for candidates to seek both major and third-party nominations. Under this system, if a candidate loses one primary but wins another, he or she may appear on the general election ballot with the nomination of the party won.
New York held two separate primary elections in 2022 due to delays caused by redistricting. Primaries in the 150 Assembly districts took place on June 28. The 63 Senate districts held primaries on August 23.
Across both chambers, 25 of those districts were left open, meaning no incumbents filed to run, a decrease from the 33 open districts in 2020 but up from the 18 in 2018.
Overall, 468 major party candidates filed to run this year: 291 Democrats and 177 Republicans.
Open seats
The table below shows the number and percentage of open seats in the New York State Senate from 2010 to 2022.[2] It will be updated as information becomes available following the state’s candidate filing deadline.
| Open Seats in New York State Senate elections: 2010 - 2022 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Total seats | Open seats | Seats with incumbents running for re-election |
| 2022 | 63 | 11 (17 percent) | 52 (83 percent) |
| 2020 | 63 | 12 (19 percent) | 51 (81 percent) |
| 2018 | 63 | 5 (8 percent) | 58 (92 percent) |
| 2016 | 63 | 5 (8 percent) | 58 (92 percent) |
| 2014 | 63 | 3 (5 percent) | 60 (95 percent) |
| 2012 | 63 | 2 (3 percent) | 61 (97 percent) |
| 2010 | 63 | 5 (8 percent) | 58 (92 percent) |
Incumbents running in new districts
When an incumbent files to run for re-election in the same chamber but a new district, it leaves his or her original seat open. This may happen for a variety of reasons ranging from redistricting to a change in residences. This may result in instances where multiple incumbents face each other in contested primaries or general elections if the incumbent in the new district also seeks re-election.
In 2022, 17 incumbents filed to run for re-election in new districts different from those they represented before the election. Click [show] on the table below to view those incumbents.
News and conflicts in this primary
This race was featured in The Heart of the Primaries, a newsletter capturing stories related to conflicts within each major party. Click here to read more about conflict in this and other 2022 Democratic state legislative primaries. Click here to subscribe to the newsletter.
- Heart of the Primaries 2022, Democrats-Issue 25 (June 2, 2022)
- Heart of the Primaries 2022, Democrats-Issue 1 (November 18, 2021)
Process to become a candidate
See statutes: Article 6 of the New York Election Law
For political party candidates
Political party candidates seeking placement on the primary ballot must be nominated via designating petitions. Sample forms are provided by the New York State Board of Elections. A party may nominate a non-enrolled member by filing a certificate of authorization, signed by the presiding officer and secretary of the meeting at which such authorization was given. Only enrolled party members may sign designating petitions. Signature requirements vary according to the office being sought. Generally speaking, a candidate must collect signatures equaling at least 5 percent of the number of active enrolled voters in the political unit (e.g., the state for statewide offices, such as governor; the legislative district for state senate or assembly districts; etc.), or a fixed total established by statute, whichever is less.[3][4][5][6][7]
Designating petitions must be submitted to the appropriate county board of elections, with the following exceptions:[8]
- If the political unit of the office being sought lies entirely within New York City, the petition must be filed with the city board of elections.
- If the political unit of the office being sought comprises more than one county or portions of two or more counties, the petition must be filed with the New York State Board of Elections.
Designating petitions must be filed between the 10th Monday and ninth Tuesday prior to the primary election. A candidate must file a certificate of acceptance or declination of the designation no later than the fourth day after the last day to file designating petitions.[9]
Enrolled party members may also circulate petitions to allow for the opportunity to write in a candidate for an office for which there is no contest for the party nomination at the primary. These are called opportunity to ballot petitions and are substantially the same as designating petitions (i.e., the petitions are held to the same signature and filing requirements, etc.), except that they do not require a candidate to be named.[3][10]
For independent candidates
Independent candidates seeking placement the general election ballot must be nominated via nominating petitions. Sample forms are provided by the New York State Board of Elections.[3][11]
The group of voters making the nomination may designate a name for themselves, provided the name is rendered in English and does not suggest similarity with an existing political party or a political organization that has already filed a nominating petition.[12]
Signature requirements vary according to the office being sought. Generally speaking, candidates must collect signatures equaling at least 5 percent of the total number of votes cast for governor within the political unit at the last gubernatorial election, or a fixed total established by statute, whichever is less.[13]
Nominating petitions must be submitted to the appropriate county board of elections, with the following exceptions:[8]
- If the political unit of the office being sought lies entirely within New York City, the petition must be filed with the city board of elections.
- If the political unit of the office being sought comprises more than one county or portions of two or more counties, the petition must be filed with the New York State Board of Elections.
According to New York election law, "A petition for an independent nomination for an office to be filled at the time of a general election shall be filed not earlier than twenty-four weeks and not later than twenty-three weeks preceding such election.”[9] A certificate of acceptance or declination of an independent nomination for an office that will be filled in the general election must be filed by the third day after the deadline for nominating petitions.[9]
Write-in candidates
A write-in candidate for president or vice-president must file a certificate of candidacy with the New York State Board of Elections. Write-in candidates for other federal or state offices do not have to submit any filing paperwork.[14]
Qualifications
Article 3, Section 7 of the New York Constitution states: No person shall serve as a member of the legislature unless he or she is a citizen of the United States and has been a resident of the state of New York for five years, and, except as hereinafter otherwise prescribed, of the assembly or senate district for the twelve months immediately preceding his or her election; if elected a senator or member of assembly at the first election next ensuing after a readjustment or alteration of the senate or assembly districts becomes effective, a person, to be eligible to serve as such, must have been a resident of the county in which the senate or assembly district is contained for the twelve months immediately preceding his or her election. No member of the legislature shall, during the time for which he or she was elected, receive any civil appointment from the governor, the governor and the senate, the legislature or from any city government, to an office which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time.
Salaries and per diem
- See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
| State legislative salaries, 2023 | |
|---|---|
| Salary | Per diem |
| $142,000/year | The exact amount members receive for per diem is unknown. |
When sworn in
New York legislators assume office the first day of January after a general election.[15]
New York political history
Trifectas
A state government trifecta is a term that describes single-party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government.
New York Party Control: 1992-2024
Eight years of Democratic trifectas • No Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
| Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Governor | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
| Senate | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D |
| Assembly | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Presidential politics in New York
2016 Presidential election results
| U.S. presidential election, New York, 2016 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | Electoral votes | |
| Democratic | Hillary Clinton/Tim Kaine |
59% | 4,556,124 | 29 | |
| Republican | Donald Trump/Mike Pence | 36.5% | 2,819,534 | 0 | |
| Green | Jill Stein/Ajamu Baraka | 1.4% | 107,934 | 0 | |
| Libertarian | Gary Johnson/Bill Weld | 2.3% | 176,598 | 0 | |
| - | Write-in votes/Other | 0.8% | 61,263 | 0 | |
| Total Votes | 7,721,453 | 29 | |||
| Election results via: Federal Election Commission | |||||
Voting information
- See also: Voting in New York
Redistricting following the 2020 census
State Assembly districts
New York enacted new State Assembly district boundaries on April 24, 2023, when Gov. Kathy Hochul (D) signed legislation establishing them for use starting with the 2024 elections.[16] The bill adopting the districts passed earlier that day in the State Assembly by a vote of 132-13, and it passed the state Senate by a vote of 59-1.[17][18] The original districts that were used for the 2022 elections remain in use until the next elections and the new districts adopted in 2023 will be used for state Assembly elections starting in 2024 until the state conducts redistricting after the 2030 census. The legislation's language states that "Vacancies in the Assembly will be filled using existing boundaries until January 1, 2025, at which time vacancies will be filled using the new boundaries."[19]
The state redrew its Assembly district boundaries in response to a June 10, 2022, decision by the appellate division of the New York Supreme Court in Nichols v. Hochul.[20] That court upheld a lower court ruling that declared the state's Assembly district boundaries invalid but determined that they should still be used for the 2022 legislative elections since the lawsuit challenging them was filed too close to those elections for the courts to intervene.[21] The appellate division ruling determined that the Assembly district map was enacted in violation of the state's constitutional redistricting process and ordered a New York City-based state trial court to oversee the redrawing of boundaries for the 2024 elections.[21] On September 29, 2022, that trial court directed the IRC to "initiate the constitutional process for amending the assembly district map based on the 2020 census data by formulating a proposed assembly map" and submit such a plan to the legislature by April 28, 2023.[22]
See also
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ Ballotpedia defines an incumbent as retiring if the incumbent did not file for office or filed for office but withdrew, was disqualified, or otherwise left a race in a manner other than losing the primary, primary runoff, or convention. If an incumbent runs as a write-in candidate, Ballotpedia does not consider them to be retiring. If an incumbent runs in the same chamber for a different seat, Ballotpedia does not consider them to be retiring.
- ↑ Ballotpedia defines a seat as open if the incumbent did not file to run for re-election or filed but withdrew and did not appear on any ballot for his or her seat. If the incumbent withdrew from or did not participate in the primary but later chose to seek re-election to his or her seat as a third party or independent candidate, the seat would not be counted as open. If the incumbent retired or ran for a different seat in the same chamber, his or her original seat would be counted as open unless another incumbent from the same chamber filed to run for that seat, in which case it would not be counted as open due to the presence of an incumbent.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 New York State Board of Elections, "Running for Elective Office," accessed February 13, 2014
- ↑ New York Election Law, "Article 6, Section 118," accessed February 13, 2014
- ↑ New York Election Law, "Article 6, Section 132," accessed February 13, 2014
- ↑ New York Election Law, "Article 6, Section 120," accessed February 13, 2014
- ↑ New York Election Law, "Article 6, Section 136," accessed February 13, 2014
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 New York Election Law, "Article 6, Section 144," accessed February 13, 2014
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 New York Election Law, "Article 6, Section 158," accessed February 13, 2014 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "nyfilingdate" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ New York Election Law, "Article 6, Section 164," accessed February 13, 2014
- ↑ New York Election Law, "Article 6, Section 140," accessed February 13, 2014
- ↑ New York Election Law, "Article 6, Section 138," accessed February 12, 2014
- ↑ New York Election Law, "Article 6, Section 142," accessed February 13, 2014
- ↑ New York Election Law, "Article 6, 153," accessed February 13, 2014
- ↑ New York Senate, "New York Constitution, Article XIII, Section 4," accessed November 1, 2021
- ↑ Twitter, "@JonCampbellNY," April 24, 2023
- ↑ New York State Assembly, "Bill No. A06586 Summary," accessed April 27, 2023
- ↑ New York State Assembly, "4-24-23 SESSION," accessed April 27, 2023
- ↑ New York State Assembly, "Bill No. A06586 Summary," accessed April 27, 2023
- ↑ Supreme Court of the State of New York Appellate Division, First Judicial Department, Nichols et al., v. Hochul et al. June 10, 2022
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Gothamist, "Court tosses New York’s new Assembly district maps –but not for this year," June 10, 2022
- ↑ Supreme Court of the State of New York, New York County, "Nichols, et al. v. Hochul, et al.," September 29, 2022
